This article is designed to be informative, SEO-friendly, and comprehensive, tracing the journey from raw silicon to modern computing.

💡 Recommendations: If you are looking for this exact PDF...

If you are trying to find an existing document with these features, you are looking for the "Holy Grail" of Computer Science books. I highly recommend looking for PDFs of these specific texts, which match your query perfectly:

1. "Computer Organization and Design" (Patterson & Hennessy): The gold standard for the Circuits $\rightarrow$ Processors $\rightarrow$ Assembly pipeline. (Look for the RISC-V edition).
2. "The Elements of Computing Systems" (Nisan & Schocken): Also known as "Nand2Tetris." This is exactly what you described. The book (and accompanying free PDFs/course) literally starts with a NAND gate and takes you step-by-step to building a compiler and a functioning computer.
3. "Engineering a Compiler" (Cooper & Torczon): If you already understand the processor and want the deepest possible dive into the Compiler features.
4. "Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software" (Charles Petzold): The most gentle, beautifully written introduction to how circuits turn into computers. Highly readable.

If you are writing this PDF, use the Nand2Tetris structure as your template—it is exactly the feature set you are describing.

Chapter 2: Combinational Logic Circuits

Combinational circuits produce an output based only on the current inputs (no memory).

6.5 Semantic Analysis: Type Checking

Ensures a is declared, and adding a (int) and 42 (int) is valid.