Module 3 Process Piping Hydraulics Sizing And Pressure Rating Pdf [new] Direct

Deep Report — Module 3: Process Piping Hydraulics, Sizing, and Pressure Rating

4.3 Pressure-Temperature Ratings (Pipe Schedules)

• Schedule No. = ( 1000 \times P/S ) (approx.) – standardized: Sch 10, 40, 80, 160, XXS.
• Higher schedule = thicker wall = higher pressure rating at same diameter.

Example:
NPS 4, Sch 40 (OD = 114.3 mm, wall = 6.02 mm), carbon steel (SA-106 Gr. B), ( S = 138 ) MPa @ 200°C →
Max P ≈ 9.3 MPa (1350 psi).

1. Hydraulic Principles for Real-World Piping

• Clear breakdown of Darcy-Weisbach, Hazen-Williams, and minor loss equations.
• Head loss calculations for laminar & turbulent flow.
• Interactive examples showing how viscosity, roughness, and diameter affect pump head requirements.

2. Systematic Pipe Sizing Workflows

• Step-by-step sizing based on:
  • Economic velocity ranges (liquid, gas, two-phase)
  • Pressure drop constraints (e.g., <5 psi/100 ft for process lines)
  • Erosion velocity limits (API 14E method included)
• Nomographs & tables embedded as high-res, printable reference sheets.
• Side-by-side comparisons for schedule vs. wall thickness in carbon steel, stainless, and PVC.

2. Piping Hydraulics and Fluid Flow Fundamentals

Before sizing a pipe, one must understand the behavior of the fluid moving through it. Deep Report — Module 3: Process Piping Hydraulics,

Guide to Module 3: Process Piping Hydraulics, Sizing, and Pressure Rating

B. Wall Thickness Calculation (ASME B31.3)

The standard formula for straight pipe under internal pressure: Schedule No

$$t = \fracP \cdot D2(SE + P \cdot Y)$$

• $t$ = Pressure design thickness.
• $P$ = Internal design pressure.
• $D$ = Outside diameter.
• $S$ = Allowable stress from material tables (depends on temperature).
• $E$ = Quality factor (longitudinal weld joint efficiency).
• $Y$ = Temperature coefficient.