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Title: Navigating Adolescence and National Identity: ABG SMU Indonesia in the Crossfire of Social Issues and Cultural Change

Introduction

Indonesia, a sprawling archipelago of over 17,000 islands and hundreds of ethnic groups, is a nation in constant motion. At the heart of this dynamic lie its youth, particularly the demographic known as ABG SMU—Anak Baru Gede (newly grown-up kids) of Sekolah Menengah Umum (general senior high school). This group, typically aged 15 to 18, stands at a critical intersection between traditional Indonesian values and the relentless tide of globalization, digital media, and modern social pressures. The lives of ABG SMU are not merely a subculture; they are a mirror reflecting Indonesia’s most pressing social issues and a laboratory where the future of the nation’s cultural identity is being forged. This essay argues that while ABG SMU embody the vibrancy and adaptability of Indonesian culture, they are also the primary subjects and agents of complex social challenges, including moral polarization, mental health crises, and the struggle to reconcile local traditions with global influences.

The Cultural Landscape of ABG SMU: Between Tradition and Modernity

Indonesian culture places a high premium on gotong royong (mutual cooperation), respect for elders, and religious piety. For decades, the ideal ABG SMU was one who excelled in school, participated in pramuka (scouting), and adhered to strict norms of politeness (sopan santun). However, the digital revolution has dismantled the boundaries that once insulated these teenagers. Today, ABG SMU navigate a dual existence: at school and home, they are expected to conform to Javanese-derived ideals of deference; on social media platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and Twitter, they engage with K-pop fandoms, Western dating culture, and global activism.

This duality has given rise to a distinct hybrid culture. For example, the panjat sosial (social climbing) phenomenon—where teens curate luxurious, often inauthentic lifestyles online—coexists with a resurgence of interest in local batik and traditional dances, albeit remixed with modern aesthetics. The ABG vernacular, a blend of Bahasa Indonesia, English slang, and regional dialects, exemplifies this fusion. Yet, this cultural negotiation is not seamless. Parents and teachers often view the ABG lifestyle as a threat to kearifan lokal (local wisdom), leading to an intergenerational rift that exacerbates other social issues.

Social Issue 1: Moral Policing and the Double-Edged Sword of Religiosity

One of the most contentious issues surrounding ABG SMU is the perception of moral decline. Conservative voices in Indonesian society frequently target ABG behavior—such as premarital dating, wearing “revealing” clothing, or attending concerts—as evidence of Western moral corruption. This has fueled a rise in religious conservatism among youth, but not without paradox. On one hand, many ABG SMU voluntarily participate in rohis (religious extracurriculars) and pengajian (Quranic study groups), using faith to navigate peer pressure. On the other hand, moral policing by vigilante groups or even school authorities has led to violations of privacy and bodily autonomy. Cases of sweeping (raids) against couples found in public parks or the forced cutting of hair for “non-conforming” styles disproportionately target ABG SMU. This creates a culture of fear and hypocrisy, where teens learn to perform piety publicly while hiding their authentic selves.

Social Issue 2: Mental Health Crisis in a High-Pressure Environment

Beneath the curated Instagram feeds of ABG SMU lies a silent epidemic. The Indonesian education system, with its national exams, ranking obsession, and fierce competition for university spots, places immense pressure on high school students. Combined with family expectations—often tied to the concept of beban orang tua (burdening parents)—many ABG SMU experience chronic anxiety, depression, and burnout. However, mental health remains heavily stigmatized; discussions of suicide or self-harm are often dismissed as kurang iman (lack of faith). The recent phenomenon of gabut (an acronym for gaji buta, but colloquially meaning aimless boredom) and online challenges that glorify self-destructive behavior highlight the void left by inadequate mental health support. A 2023 survey by Indonesia’s Ministry of Health indicated that nearly 15% of adolescents have considered self-harm, yet only a fraction seek help due to fear of being labeled sinting (crazy). For ABG SMU, the smartphone is both a lifeline to peer support and a vector for cyberbullying and unrealistic social comparisons.

Social Issue 3: Digital Literacy, Disinformation, and the Erosion of Civic Culture

The ABG SMU generation is the first true digital native cohort in Indonesia. While this grants them unprecedented access to information, it also exposes them to hoaks (hoaxes), hate speech, and political disinformation. During election cycles, many ABG SMU become unwitting spreaders of divisive content, often framed as edgy memes or viral challenges. The 2019 post-election riots, fueled in part by youth-spread false narratives, demonstrated how digital illiteracy can translate into real-world instability. Furthermore, the rise of fans circle culture—highly organized, often toxic online fan communities—has normalized cancel culture and online mob justice. Schools struggle to integrate digital ethics into a curriculum still focused on rote learning. As a result, the civic culture of respectful debate and fact-checking is eroding, replaced by affective polarization where loyalty to an influencer or idol overrides truth.

Resilience and Agency: How ABG SMU Are Redefining Indonesian Culture

Despite these challenges, it would be a mistake to view ABG SMU solely as victims or problems. This demographic has shown remarkable agency in reshaping Indonesian culture for the better. Student-led environmental movements, such as the Gerakan Sekolah Hijau (Green School Movement), have emerged from ABG activism. Using platforms like Discord and WhatsApp, teens organize river clean-ups, zero-waste campaigns, and even challenge corporations on social media. In the arts, ABG creators on YouTube and Spotify are revitalizing traditional dangdut and keroncong by blending them with lo-fi beats and hip-hop, making them accessible to global audiences. Moreover, grassroots mental health initiatives led by ABG—such as peer counseling Instagram accounts and anonymous venting spaces—are slowly breaking the stigma that adults have long perpetuated. These teens are not abandoning Indonesian culture; they are translating it into a language that speaks to the 21st century.

Conclusion

The ABG SMU of Indonesia are more than a market segment or a source of parental anxiety. They are the frontline of the nation’s struggle with modernity. The social issues they face—moral hypocrisy, mental health neglect, and digital disinformation—are not isolated teenage problems but acute symptoms of deeper structural failures in education, religious governance, and social welfare. Simultaneously, their cultural innovations demonstrate that Indonesian identity is not a fragile relic to be preserved in amber, but a living, breathing ecosystem. To support ABG SMU is not to impose a nostalgic vision of the past, but to equip them with critical thinking, emotional resilience, and genuine platforms for participation. If Indonesia is to achieve its Visi Indonesia Emas 2045 (Golden Indonesia 2045), it must listen to the voices of its ABG SMU—not as wayward children, but as co-authors of the nation’s future. Their struggles are the nation’s struggles; their creativity, its greatest hope.

Introduction

Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country, is a diverse and vibrant nation with a rich cultural heritage. However, like many countries, Indonesia faces various social issues that affect its people, particularly the younger generation. One term that has gained significant attention in recent years is "ABG SMU Indonesia," which refers to the problems faced by Indonesian teenagers (ABG is an acronym for "Anak Baru Gede," which translates to "newly grown children" or teenagers, while SMU stands for "Sekolah Menengah Umum," or general secondary school). This write-up aims to explore some of the key social issues and cultural aspects affecting Indonesian teenagers.

Social Issues Faced by Indonesian Teenagers

Indonesian teenagers face a range of challenges that impact their lives, including:

  1. Education: Access to quality education remains a significant issue in Indonesia. Many schools, particularly in rural areas, lack resources, qualified teachers, and infrastructure, making it difficult for students to receive a proper education.
  2. Poverty and Economic Inequality: Indonesia has made significant progress in reducing poverty, but it remains a pressing issue. Many families struggle to make ends meet, and teenagers may be forced to drop out of school to work and support their families.
  3. Health and Well-being: Indonesian teenagers face various health challenges, including a high rate of HIV/AIDS, substance abuse, and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.
  4. Violence and Bullying: Violence and bullying are prevalent in Indonesian schools, with many cases going unreported.

Cultural Aspects

Indonesian culture plays a significant role in shaping the lives of teenagers. Some key cultural aspects include:

  1. Collectivist Society: Indonesian culture emphasizes the importance of family and community. Teenagers are often expected to prioritize their family's needs over their own individual desires.
  2. Hierarchical Society: Indonesian society is characterized by a strong hierarchical structure, with older individuals and authority figures commanding respect.
  3. Islamic Values: Indonesia is the world's largest Muslim-majority country, and Islamic values play a significant role in shaping cultural norms and expectations.
  4. Traditional vs. Modern Values: Indonesian teenagers often navigate traditional cultural values and modern influences, leading to tensions between old and new ways of thinking.

The Role of Social Media

Social media has become an integral part of Indonesian teenagers' lives, with many using platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter to connect with others and express themselves. However, social media also poses risks, including:

  1. Cyberbullying: Indonesian teenagers are vulnerable to online harassment and bullying.
  2. Misinformation: Social media can spread false information, which can have serious consequences, particularly in areas like health and education.

Conclusion

The issues faced by Indonesian teenagers, as embodied by the term "ABG SMU Indonesia," are complex and multifaceted. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the cultural, social, and economic contexts in which they live. By understanding these issues and cultural aspects, we can work towards creating a more supportive and inclusive environment for Indonesian teenagers to thrive.

Sources:

The culture of Indonesian high school students (ABG SMU) in 2026 is defined by a sharp divide between digital-native global trends and a search for authentic local identity. While students face rising social pressures like mental health struggles and environmental anxiety, they are also increasingly critical of socio-political systems and are forming distinct, diverse subcultures. Evolving Social Subcultures

Indonesian youth have moved beyond traditional stereotypes, forming specialized personas that reflect their specific values and geographic locations: Anak Kalcer

: The "cultured" kids who frequent indie cafés and art spaces. They prioritize local music, fashion, and "authenticity," often rejecting mainstream ideals.

Nuruls & Nopals: A predominantly suburban/rural cohort that blends faith-based values with "thrift culture" and DIY creativity to redefine luxury. Urban Elite (Kevins & Michelles)

: City-based youth, often from the "urban Chindo" crowd, who balance modern professional ambition with family traditions. Critical Social & Political Consciousness

Generation Z students have become significantly more vocal about national issues in early 2026:

Activism & Dissent: High school and university students are leading criticisms against government spending, specifically targeting the Makan Bergizi Gratis (Free Nutritious Meals) program for its impact on the broader education budget.

Institutional Conflict: Student leadership has faced increased intimidation; three major incidents of harassment against student leaders were documented in just the first two weeks of 2026.

Questioning Authority: Sociologists note a shift where students are more sensitive to ethics, justice, and the "crisis" conditions in socio-political domains affecting their future livelihoods. Culture & Identity Challenges

Despite being globally connected, many students struggle with a "fragile" national identity:

Cultural Literacy: Research indicates that while students recognize national symbols, their understanding of deeper "adiluhung" (noble) cultural values remains surface-level.

Digital Pressures: Social media remains a dominant force, but it brings high rates of Body Dysmorphia (70.6%), internet addiction (49.4%), and "Fear Of Missing Out" (FOMO).

Traditional Delinquency: Drug abuse continues to be a persistent issue, with roughly 27.32% of users coming from high school and university demographics. Modern Educational Stressors

The 2026 academic environment is shaped by both old struggles and new environmental realities: Substance abuse

Overview

"ABG SMU Indonesia" is a thought-provoking topic that delves into the complexities of Indonesian social issues and culture, particularly in the context of high school students (SMU stands for Sekolah Menengah Umum, or high school in Indonesia). The topic is relevant to understanding the challenges and nuances of Indonesian society, particularly among the younger generation.

Social Issues

Some of the key social issues discussed in the context of "ABG SMU Indonesia" include:

Cultural Context

The cultural context of "ABG SMU Indonesia" is characterized by:

Challenges and Opportunities

The "ABG SMU Indonesia" topic highlights the challenges faced by Indonesian high school students, including:

However, there are also opportunities for growth and development, including:

Conclusion

In conclusion, "ABG SMU Indonesia" provides a nuanced understanding of Indonesian social issues and culture, particularly in the context of high school students. The topic highlights the challenges and opportunities faced by Indonesian students, emphasizing the need for quality education, social support, and cultural understanding. By exploring these issues, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of Indonesian society and the importance of addressing social inequality and promoting cultural diversity.

In the context of Indonesian youth culture, the following issues are central:

Cyberbullying and Cancel Culture: Recent Indonesian research highlights that youth are highly susceptible to "cancel culture" and cyberbullying. High-profile viral cases involving middle school students and social media influencers often serve as catalysts for public debate on digital ethics and mental health.

Political Apathy vs. Disengagement: There is a recognized trend of growing political apathy among Indonesia's younger generation. Factors contributing to this include disillusionment with the political system, socio-economic pressures, and a perceived lack of representation in mainstream governance.

Religious and Social Conservatism: Indonesian youth navigate a society where religious values (specifically Islamic-based) often serve as a primary social control. This creates a complex dynamic for the "ABG" demographic when dealing with non-normative gender identities or secular global influences, which are often met with strong social resistance. video mesum abg smu 3gp indonesia portable

Parenting and Education: Authoritarian parenting remains a common cultural expectation in Indonesia, often clashing with the more liberal, digital-first lifestyle of modern high schoolers. Civic education is frequently cited as a needed area for reform to better engage students in social justice and democratic processes. Representation in Media

Contemporary Indonesian audio-visual media, particularly after the Reformasi era, serves as a mirror for these social issues:

Sitcoms and Caricatures: Media often uses youth subcultures to reinforce or challenge ethnic and social stereotypes (e.g., the "stingy Chinese" or "egoistic Betawi" tropes).

Social Realism in Film: Recent films like Budi Pekerti (2023) critically examine economic inequality and the "collective moral obligation" of society, reflecting the modern reality of social media-driven public shaming and its impact on the individual.

Internalization of Values: For the millennial and Gen Z generations, film acts as a primary medium for internalizing cultural values, often acting as a bridge between traditional belief systems and contemporary urban life.

Initiatives and Solutions:

Understanding these aspects can provide a more nuanced view of the challenges and opportunities facing young Indonesians today.

The Struggle is Real: Navigating Adolescence in Indonesian High Schools

In Indonesia, the adolescent years can be a challenging and transformative period, especially for high school students (SMU). As they navigate the complexities of adolescence, they must also contend with various social issues that affect their daily lives.

Social Issues Facing ABG SMU in Indonesia

  1. Bullying: Bullying is a pervasive problem in Indonesian schools, with many students experiencing physical, verbal, or emotional abuse. This can lead to feelings of isolation, low self-esteem, and decreased academic performance.
  2. Mental Health: The pressure to succeed academically, combined with social media's influence, can take a toll on students' mental health. Anxiety, depression, and stress are becoming increasingly common among Indonesian high school students.
  3. Cyberbullying: The rise of social media has also led to an increase in cyberbullying. Students may experience online harassment, which can be particularly challenging to deal with, as it can be anonymous and relentless.
  4. LGBTQ+ Issues: Indonesia has a conservative society, and LGBTQ+ students often face discrimination, stigma, and marginalization. Many schools lack support systems for LGBTQ+ students, leaving them feeling isolated and vulnerable.
  5. Academic Pressure: The Indonesian education system is highly competitive, and students often face immense pressure to perform well academically. This can lead to stress, burnout, and decreased motivation.

Cultural Factors

  1. Collectivist Culture: Indonesian culture values collectivism, which can sometimes lead to conformity and a lack of individuality. Students may feel pressure to conform to societal norms, rather than expressing themselves authentically.
  2. Patriarchal Society: Indonesia is a patriarchal society, and women often face unequal treatment and opportunities. This can affect students' perceptions of gender roles and relationships.
  3. Traditional Values: Indonesian culture places a strong emphasis on traditional values, such as respect for authority and social hierarchy. This can sometimes lead to a lack of critical thinking and open discussion in schools.

The Way Forward

To address these social issues and cultural factors, it's essential to create a supportive and inclusive environment in Indonesian high schools. This can be achieved through:

  1. School Programs: Implementing programs that promote mental health, inclusivity, and diversity can help students feel more supported and empowered.
  2. Teacher Training: Providing teachers with training on social issues, mental health, and inclusive education can help them better support their students.
  3. Student Empowerment: Encouraging student participation and leadership can help students develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills.
  4. Community Engagement: Engaging with local communities and involving parents in school life can help create a more supportive and inclusive environment.

By acknowledging and addressing these social issues and cultural factors, we can work towards creating a more supportive and inclusive environment for ABG SMU in Indonesia, empowering them to thrive and become active contributors to society.

In 2026, the culture and social landscape for Indonesian high schoolers ( Anak Baru Gede/ABG SMU

) are shaped by a digital-first lifestyle, rising mental health awareness, and new government safety regulations. 1. Digital Life & New Restrictions Social Media Ban

: Starting March 2026, Indonesia has begun implementing a ban on children under 16 accessing major platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube to curb cyberbullying and addiction. Digital Identity

: Students use social media as a stage for "social validation," often curating their lives to meet high community and family expectations. Slang & Code-Mixing

: High schoolers frequently use informal language, acronyms, and "South Jakarta style" (Indish/code-mixing) to maintain social group identities. 2. Mental Health & Academic Pressure Violence in an Urban Indonesian High School

From the bustling streets of Jakarta to suburban schools in Central Java, the "ABG" demographic represents a generation caught between traditional Indonesian values and the relentless pull of global digital culture. 1. The "ABG" Identity: Modernity vs. Tradition

In Indonesian society, high school (SMU/SMA) is seen as a pivotal transition. It is the first time young Indonesians are given a degree of social autonomy. The "ABG SMU" archetype is often characterized by Gaya Hidup (lifestyle)—a mix of local slang, specific fashion trends (the iconic white-and-gray uniform), and an intense desire for social validation.

However, this transition is often fraught with tension. While their parents grew up in an era defined by Gotong Royong (communal helping) and strict hierarchy, today’s high schoolers are "digital natives." This creates a "generation gap" where traditional Indonesian etiquette (Sopan Santun) often clashes with the individualistic, expressive nature of social media. 2. Digital Culture and the "Flexing" Phenomenon

Social media—specifically TikTok and Instagram—has redefined what it means to be a teenager in Indonesia. For an ABG SMU, digital presence is social currency.

The Rise of "Selfie Culture": High schoolers are the primary drivers of digital trends in Indonesia, from viral dance challenges to the "Flexing" (showing off wealth or lifestyle) phenomenon.

The Pressure to Conform: This digital visibility has led to increased mental health struggles. The pressure to look "perfect" or to belong to the "hits" (popular) crowd at school has made social anxiety a growing issue in Indonesian urban centers. 3. Pressing Social Issues

Beneath the surface of trendy outfits and school festivals, the ABG SMU demographic faces significant systemic challenges:

Tawuran (Student Brawls): A long-standing social scar in Indonesia, tawuran involves violent street fights between rival high schools. Despite government crackdowns, it remains a ritualistic expression of "school pride" and masculinity, rooted in deep-seated urban tribalism.

Educational Pressure: The Indonesian education system is notoriously competitive. Between the grueling national exams and the high cost of private tutoring (Bimbel), many students face immense stress, leading to a "study hard, play hard" culture that can sometimes veer into risky behaviors.

Changing Social Morals: Indonesia is a conservative-leaning country, yet youth culture is becoming increasingly liberal in private spaces. Issues like dating culture, the influence of Western media, and the debate over "secularism" are constant points of friction between religious authorities and the youth. 4. The Creative Potential of Indonesian Youth

It isn't all conflict and stress. The "ABG SMU" demographic is also the engine of Indonesia's creative economy.

Language Innovation: High schoolers are the creators of Bahasa Gaul (slang). Words like "Mager" (lazy to move) or "Baper" (overly emotional) start in the hallways of schools and eventually enter the official Indonesian lexicon.

Social Activism: We are seeing a shift where high school students are becoming more vocal about environmental issues (like plastic waste) and social justice, using their digital platforms to demand change from older generations. The Verdict

The world of the ABG SMU is a microcosm of Indonesia itself: a beautiful, chaotic, and vibrant mix of the old and the new. To understand the Indonesian high schooler is to understand where the country is headed. They are a generation navigating the complexities of a globalized world while still carrying the heavy, often prideful, weight of Indonesian tradition.

As Indonesia moves toward its "Golden Indonesia 2045" vision, the social development of these teenagers will be the deciding factor in whether the nation thrives in the digital age.

The ABG SMU Phenomenon: Indonesian Social Issues and Youth Culture

The term ABG (Anak Baru Gede, literally "kids who just grew up") refers to Indonesian adolescents, specifically those in SMU (Senior High School or Sekolah Menengah Umum). This demographic represents a critical bridge between Indonesia's traditional cultural roots and its rapidly globalizing future. 1. Cultural Identity and the "Bahasa Gaul"

Indonesian youth culture is defined by its unique linguistic evolution known as Bahasa Gaul (slang).

Slang as Social Currency: Slang terms like Bucin (love slave), Kepo (nosy), and Baper (overly emotional) are essential for social integration among SMU students.

Digital Integration: Indonesian youth are among the most active social media users globally, using platforms like TikTok and Instagram to express opinions and forge identities.

Nationalism vs. Globalism: Despite heavy Western and Korean (K-Pop) influences, many students remain deeply connected to the national ideology of Pancasila, often participating in interfaith celebrations like Eid al-Fitr and Christmas. 2. Prevailing Social Issues

The ABG SMU demographic faces a unique set of modern pressures that often lead to "moral panics" in broader Indonesian society. Youth culture and Islam in Indonesia

Overview of Indonesian Social Issues and Culture

Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country, is a diverse archipelago with over 300 ethnic groups. The country has a significant youth population, with around 27% of its population aged 15-24 years old.

Social Issues Affecting ABG SMU in Indonesia

  1. Education: Access to quality education remains a challenge for many Indonesian teenagers. According to UNESCO, Indonesia has one of the highest rates of out-of-school youth in Southeast Asia.
  2. Poverty and Economic Inequality: Many Indonesian families struggle with poverty, which can limit opportunities for teenagers to access education, healthcare, and other essential services.
  3. Corruption: Corruption is a significant issue in Indonesia, and teenagers are not immune to its effects. Many young people feel disillusioned with the system and lack trust in institutions.
  4. LGBTQ+ Rights: LGBTQ+ individuals in Indonesia face significant challenges, including discrimination, harassment, and violence.
  5. Mental Health: Mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, are becoming increasingly prevalent among Indonesian teenagers.

Cultural Aspects of ABG SMU in Indonesia

  1. Social Media Usage: Indonesian teenagers are avid users of social media, with many using platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook to connect with friends and share their experiences.
  2. Traditional Values: Indonesian culture places a strong emphasis on respect for elders, tradition, and community. Many teenagers struggle to balance these values with modern influences and globalized norms.
  3. Music and Arts: Indonesian teenagers are known for their love of music, dance, and art. Many popular Indonesian music genres, such as dangdut and hip-hop, have gained international recognition.
  4. Food and Cuisine: Indonesian cuisine is diverse and vibrant, with popular dishes like nasi goreng, gado-gado, and sate being enjoyed by teenagers across the country.

Initiatives Addressing Social Issues and Culture

  1. Government Programs: The Indonesian government has launched initiatives to address social issues, such as education and poverty. For example, the "Program Keluarga Harapan" (PKH) provides financial assistance to poor families.
  2. NGO and Community-Based Initiatives: Organizations like the Indonesian Red Cross, UNICEF, and local community groups are working to address issues like education, healthcare, and social welfare.
  3. Youth-Led Movements: Indonesian teenagers are increasingly taking an active role in shaping their communities and advocating for change. For example, the "Indonesia Mengajar" movement encourages young people to get involved in education and community development.

Overall, Indonesian teenagers face a range of social issues and cultural challenges. However, there are also many initiatives and programs aimed at addressing these issues and promoting positive change.

For the modern Indonesian high schooler, identity is increasingly forged online. Indonesia has one of the highest rates of social media penetration in the world, and for "ABG" youth, platforms like TikTok and Instagram are the primary stages for social validation. This has created a "prestige culture" where lifestyle, fashion (often influenced by Hallyu/Korean wave or Western trends), and digital "clout" can overshadow academic pursuits. However, this digital life often masks a deeper anxiety: the struggle to maintain an image of modernity while living in a society that still prizes conservative religious and family structures. The Pressure of the "Golden Generation"

Indonesian high schoolers are frequently told they are the "2045 Golden Generation" (Generasi Emas), destined to lead the country into a developed economic era. This puts immense pressure on SMU students. The education system remains heavily focused on rote memorization and high-stakes testing, leading to a culture of Bimbel (private tutoring centers) where students spend 10–12 hours a day in academic environments. This "hustle culture" at a young age often leads to burnout and a mental health crisis that is still largely stigmatized and misunderstood by older generations. Social Issues and Peer Culture

Beneath the surface of uniforms and school spirit, several persistent social issues plague this demographic:

Tawuran (Student Brawls): While decreasing in some urban centers, inter-school violence remains a ritualistic problem in many Indonesian cities. It is a misguided expression of school loyalty and masculinity that often results in fatalities.

Moral Policing: Students often navigate a "moral minefield." From school regulations regarding hair length and skirt length to societal scrutiny over "dating" (pacaran), the ABG SMU experience is one of constant negotiation between personal freedom and communal expectations.

Economic Disparity: The experience of a student in a "Favorite" (Elite) public school in Jakarta is worlds apart from a student in a rural Madrasah or vocational school. This gap often dictates their trajectory, reinforcing class divides before they even enter the workforce. The Voice of Change

Despite these challenges, the current SMU generation is more socially conscious than its predecessors. They are increasingly vocal about climate change, sexual harassment (advocating for the Permendikbud on sexual violence prevention), and political transparency. They are leveraging their digital fluency to bypass traditional gatekeepers, turning "ABG culture" from one of passive consumption into one of active participation. Conclusion

The "ABG SMU" phase in Indonesia is a microcosm of the country’s broader growing pains. It is a period defined by the tension between a deep-seated respect for tradition and an irreversible pull toward a globalized future. Understanding these students requires looking past the grey-and-white uniforms to see a generation that is simultaneously more connected, more pressured, and more politically aware than ever before.

Contemporary Indonesian youth culture for ABG SMU (high school students) in 2026 is defined by a sharp tension between traditional values and a rapidly evolving digital landscape. Digital Governance & Social Media Title: Navigating Adolescence and National Identity: ABG SMU

The most significant shift for Indonesian teens in 2026 is the government's ban on social media for children under 16, implemented to combat cyberbullying, online scams, and "algorithm addiction".

High-Risk Platforms: High schoolers are no longer permitted to hold accounts on platforms like TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and X.

Impact on Identity: While social media previously served as a vital tool for self-expression and peer connection, its removal aims to alleviate academic procrastination and negative psychological effects like social comparison. Cultural Dynamics: "Pergaulan Bebas" vs. Harmony

Indonesian society continues to grapple with the discourse of "pergaulan bebas" (free socializing), which views modern youth behaviors—such as clubbing or premarital sex—as threats to social harmony (rukun).

Gendered Standards: Moral disapproval often falls disproportionately on young women, reinforcing traditional socio-sexual taboos.

Traditional Core: Despite modern influences, students are still heavily socialized into values like gotong royong (mutual assistance) and musyawarah (deliberation) within the school system. Educational & Environmental Pressures Violence in an Urban Indonesian High School

For Indonesian high school students ( ), the landscape in 2026 is defined by a deep tension between rapid digital integration and a traditional social fabric. While they are more politically engaged and globally connected than ever, they face a "silent crisis" involving mental health and evolving social pressures. The Jakarta Post 1. The Mental Health "Silent Crisis"

Mental health has emerged as the most critical social issue for this demographic in 2026. Data shows a significant rise in psychological distress, often hidden behind the "always okay" social media persona. The Jakarta Post Rising Prevalence 10% of children and adolescents

show signs of anxiety and depression, a rate significantly higher than in previous generations. Severe Outcomes

: Suicide attempts among school-aged youth increased from 3.9% in 2015 to 10.7% in 2023 , with cases continuing to be a major concern into 2026. Primary Triggers Family Conflict

: Foster care issues and family disputes account for 24–46% of suicidal ideation cases.

: Both physical and cyberbullying remain persistent, contributing to 14–18% of psychological crises. Academic Pressure : The competitive environment of schools like SMAN 1 Cililin and others continues to drive "burnout". Azramedia Indonesia 2. Digital Culture & Social Media Governance

Indonesia has one of the world's most active youth populations on social media, which has led to radical new government interventions starting in 2026. ANTARA News

More Than Just "Gaya": The Realities of Being ABG SMU in 2026

If you spend five minutes on TikTok or Instagram in Indonesia, you’ll see them: the ABG SMU. They are the face of Indonesia’s "Golden Generation" 2045, navigating life in high-waisted uniforms by day and digital fame by night. But beneath the viral dance trends and the aesthetic café photos, today’s Indonesian high schoolers are dealing with a unique set of cultural pressures and social challenges that are more serious than they appear. 1. The "Pergaulan Bebas" Paradox

For decades, the term pergaulan bebas (free socializing) has been used by older generations to label "deviant" behavior—from smoking to dating. Today, ABG SMU face a sharp divide. While global trends encourage individuality and western-style liberal socializing, local social norms and mandatory dress codes (like the jilbab in many state schools) remain strictly enforced. This creates a "dual identity" where students must perfectly balance traditional expectations at school with a modernized, often more liberal, online persona. 2. A Rising Mental Health Crisis

The pressure isn't just social; it’s internal. Recent studies highlight a "hidden epidemic" of anxiety and depression among Indonesian youth.

Academic Pressure: Indonesia prizes success, and failure is often viewed as a familial shame rather than just a personal setback.

Digital Comparison: Social media fuels unrealistic lifestyle comparisons, leading to high levels of "digital addiction" and self-doubt.

Lack of Support: Despite the 2023 Mental Health Law, there is still less than one psychiatrist per 100,000 people in Indonesia, leaving many students to suffer in silence. 3. Students as Social Activists

Interestingly, today's ABG SMU are more politically engaged than their predecessors. From protesting government spending to demanding safer school meal programs following food poisoning incidents in late 2025, students are using platforms like TikTok to organize. They are moving beyond "just having fun" and are actively questioning the status quo on issues like climate change and social justice. Anak Jakarta; A sketch of Indonesian youth identity

Title: Ga Cuma Galau dan Main Medsos: How We, ABG SMU, Can See the Real Indonesia

Intro: Lebih dari Sekadar Assignment We get it. When your Sosiologi teacher mentions “social issues,” your brain probably goes straight to scrolling TikTok or replaying your ML match. Tapi serius deh, being a teenager in Indonesia right now is actually super interesting. We are living at a time where our ngopi di kopi kekinian culture meets some serious real-world problems. And guess what? We’re not just the future; we’re the now.

Here’s a look at our world (ABG SMU life) through the lens of Indonesian social issues and culture.

1. The "FYP" vs. "Hoax" Culture (Isu Digital Literacy) Let’s be real. Most of us get our news from FYP (For You Page) or Instagram Reels. But Indonesia is currently facing a silent crisis: Hoaks (hoaxes). From fake info about ujian nasional to political slander before Pemilu.

2. The "Heboh" of Pernikahan Dini (Isu Sosial) Okay, we all love a good wedding content on social media—the aesthetics, the resepsi, the couple goals. But in many parts of Indonesia, Pernikahan Dini (child marriage) is still a huge issue.

3. "Mental Health is not ‘Alay’" For a long time, Indonesian culture said, “Jangan baper” (Don’t be too sensitive) or “Capek mah istirahat, jangan lebay.” But Gen Z/Alpha in SMU are breaking that stigma.

4. The Dilemma of "KPop vs. Local Pride" We love KPop, K-Drama, and Korean skincare. But sometimes, adults accuse us of “lupa diri” (forgetting our identity).

5. The "Ngopi" Culture & Peer Pressure (Gaya Hidup) Why are we obsessed with ngopi? Because it’s our third space (not home, not school). But Gaya Hidup (lifestyle) is a double-edged sword.

Conclusion: Jadi ABG yang Sadar (The Aware Teen) You don’t have to be a activist marching in the streets. But as Anak Muda, you have power. Your power is your thumb (scrolling), your wallet (where you spend your uang jajan), and your voice (comments section).

Start small:

  1. Share educational content, not just dance videos.
  2. Check on your friends who seem quiet lately (mental health).
  3. Reduce single-use plastic when you order boba.

Being an ABG SMU in Indonesia isn’t just about surviving Ujian. It’s about growing up smart, aware, and still having fun.

What’s your take? Drop a comment: Isu sosial apa yang paling ngena buat lo? 👇

#AnakJaksel #SMAKita #SocialIssues #IndonesiaBergerak #LiterasiDigital

Conclusion: The Pendulum and the Pilar

The ABG SMU of Indonesia stands at a precarious intersection. They are told to be Berakhlak Mulia (Noble Morality) as per Profil Pelajar Pancasila, yet they are fed a diet of sensationalist crime news and religious dogmatism that condemns their biology. They are hyper-connected to Seoul and Los Angeles, yet physically trapped in macet (traffic) and decaying infrastructure.

To fix the social issues surrounding the ABG SMU, Indonesia must stop infantilizing them. They need:

  1. Comprehensive Sex Ed: Not biology, but consent and respect.
  2. Digital Literacy: Teaching them that the ITE law is not a weapon for offended celebrities.
  3. Green / Public Spaces: So they have somewhere to go besides a mall or an underpass.
  4. Mental Health First Aid: Removing the gila stigma from counseling.

The ABG is not the problem; the ABG is the thermometer. If the mercury is rising with brawls, anxiety, and hypocrisy, it is because the society surrounding them is burning. The future of Indonesia—Indonesia Emas 2045 (Golden Indonesia 2045)—will be held in the trembling, over-typed fingers of this ABG SMU generation. It is time we listen to them, not just lecture them.

Keywords: abg smu indonesia, Indonesian social issues, teen culture Indonesia, pergaulan remaja, tawuran pelajar, pendidikan seks remaja, ABG jaman now, budaya pop Indonesia.

The review of "ABG SMU" (Anak Baru Gede - Sekolah Menengah Umum), or high school-aged youth, in Indonesia reveals a complex intersection of academic pressure, evolving social norms, and deep-seated cultural values. Indonesian youth are navigating a transition period marked by rapid digitalization and significant socio-economic barriers. Educational & Academic Landscape

High school students (SMU) in Indonesia face a challenging educational environment characterized by high expectations and systemic hurdles.

Academic Pressure: Competition for placement in top universities is fierce, leading to intense stress and anxiety among students.

"Functional Illiteracy": Despite a 12-year compulsory education policy, reports from the World Bank and PISA scores indicate that many students struggle with basic reading and mathematics proficiency.

Curriculum Instability: The education system has undergone frequent reforms, with the most recent being Kurikulum Merdeka, which aims for flexibility but often adds to the administrative burden of teachers.

Inequality Gap: There is a significant education gap for children from urban slums and those with disabilities, many of whom never complete upper secondary school. Social Issues Facing Indonesian Youth

Current social challenges for Indonesian teenagers often involve a mix of traditional behaviors and modern digital pressures.

The ABG SMU Phenomenon: Navigating Identity, Social Issues, and Youth Culture in Modern Indonesia

In Indonesia, the term "ABG SMU" (Anak Baru Gede Sekolah Menengah Umum) refers to high school-aged adolescents—a demographic currently dominated by Gen Z—who are at the epicenter of a massive cultural and digital transformation. As of 2026, these students are navigating a unique intersection of traditional Indonesian values, rapid globalization, and intense digital immersion. 1. Digital Identity and the "Second Self"

For the modern Indonesian high schooler, life is lived as much on TikTok and Instagram as it is in the classroom.

Digital Curation: Approximately 19% of Gen Z in Indonesia spend six or more hours daily on social media. This has led to the creation of "partial digital identities," where students meticulously curate what they share publicly versus privately.

Cultural Revitalization: Interestingly, social media is being used to revive local wisdom. Students often share content featuring traditional "nuances" or creative takes on Indonesian heritage to strengthen their sense of national identity.

The "Second Account" Culture: It is common for students to maintain multiple accounts—a primary, "polished" public profile and a secondary, more authentic account for close friends. 2. Pressing Social Issues and Challenges

While often viewed as tech-savvy and expressive, ABG SMU students face significant structural and psychological pressures.

Indonesian Netizens' Digital Self and Identity Creation on Social Media

Title: "Navigating Adolescence in Indonesia: Understanding ABG SMU Culture and Social Issues"

Introduction

In Indonesia, the term "ABG SMU" refers to adolescents (Anak Baru Gede Sekolah Menengah Umum) who are navigating the challenges of high school. This stage of life is crucial in shaping their identities, worldviews, and futures. However, Indonesian ABGs face unique social issues and cultural pressures that influence their experiences. In this feature, we'll delve into the complexities of ABG SMU culture and explore the social issues that affect Indonesian adolescents.

The ABG SMU Phenomenon

In Indonesia, the term "ABG" is often used to describe teenagers who are perceived as being rebellious, fashion-conscious, and eager to assert their independence. SMU (Sekolah Menengah Umum) refers to high schools that cater to students aged 15-18. The ABG SMU phenomenon is characterized by a distinctive style, language, and attitude that is often associated with Indonesian youth culture.

Social Issues Facing ABG SMU

Indonesian ABGs face a range of social issues that affect their well-being and life choices. Some of the pressing concerns include:

  1. Education and Career Pressure: Indonesian students face intense pressure to succeed academically, with many parents and teachers expecting them to excel in national exams and secure prestigious university spots.
  2. Mental Health: ABGs often struggle with stress, anxiety, and depression, which can be exacerbated by social media pressures and the stigma surrounding mental health issues.
  3. Social Media and Cyberbullying: Social media has become an integral part of Indonesian youth culture, but it also poses risks, such as cyberbullying, online harassment, and the spread of misinformation.
  4. LGBTQ+ Issues: Indonesia has a conservative and often hostile environment for LGBTQ+ individuals, with many ABGs facing discrimination, harassment, and social exclusion.
  5. Corruption and Social Inequality: Indonesian ABGs are often aware of the country's corruption and social inequality issues, which can lead to feelings of disillusionment and frustration.

Cultural Influences on ABG SMU

Indonesian culture plays a significant role in shaping the experiences and values of ABGs. Some cultural influences include:

  1. Collectivist Values: Indonesian culture emphasizes the importance of family, community, and social harmony, which can sometimes conflict with individual aspirations and desires.
  2. Islamic Values: Indonesia is the world's largest Muslim-majority country, and Islamic values play a significant role in shaping cultural norms and expectations.
  3. Traditional and Modern Influences: Indonesian ABGs are exposed to both traditional and modern cultural influences, which can lead to interesting fusions and tensions.

Conclusion

The ABG SMU phenomenon in Indonesia is complex and multifaceted, reflecting the country's rich cultural heritage and social challenges. By understanding the experiences and concerns of Indonesian adolescents, we can better appreciate the nuances of their culture and the social issues they face. As Indonesia continues to evolve and grow, it's essential to prioritize the well-being, education, and empowerment of its young people, ensuring they can thrive in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.

Recommendations

  1. Support Mental Health Initiatives: Encourage schools, communities, and organizations to prioritize mental health support and resources for ABGs.
  2. Promote Inclusive Education: Foster inclusive and accepting learning environments that cater to diverse student needs, backgrounds, and identities.
  3. Encourage Critical Thinking and Media Literacy: Equip ABGs with critical thinking skills and media literacy to navigate the complexities of social media and information landscapes.
  4. Empower Youth Voices: Provide platforms and opportunities for ABGs to express their opinions, concerns, and aspirations, ensuring their voices are heard and valued.

By acknowledging the complexities of ABG SMU culture and social issues in Indonesia, we can work towards creating a more supportive, inclusive, and empowering environment for Indonesian adolescents to thrive.

Title: The Gen Z Crossroads: How Indonesian ABG Navigates Social Issues in a Digital Age

By [Your Name]

JAKARTA — At 7:00 AM, the gates of SMU Negeri 5 in Surabaya are a flood of white-and-grey uniforms. Backpacks are slung low, wireless earbuds are tucked in, and the morning ngopi (coffee) run is a non-negotiable ritual.

Meet the Anak Baru Gede (ABG)—the Indonesian teenager. While the term is often used affectionately (or mockingly) to describe the awkward phase of first loves and high school drama, today’s ABG faces a reality far heavier than a crush leaving them on "read."

Between the pressures of sopan santun (courtesy) and the freedom of TikTok, the modern SMU student is a walking contradiction. They are the most digitally connected generation in Indonesian history, yet they are also the most anxious, politically aware, and culturally conflicted.

The "Gen Z" vs. "Generasi Sandwich"

At 15 years old, Alisha, a student at a private SMU in South Jakarta, already understands macroeconomics—not from a textbook, but from the rising price of Indomie.

"I asked my mom for money to buy a new hijab for a photoshoot," Alisha says, scrolling through her Instagram Explore page filled with Korean fashion. "She said, 'No, the cooking oil is expensive.' So, I just edited my old photo with AI."

This is the economic reality of the ABG today. They are the children of the Generasi Sandwich—parents squeezed between supporting their own aging parents and their children. For an ABG, this translates to a silent pressure to succeed.

"I have to get into a PTN (state university) via SNBT," says Rendy, 17, from Bandung, referring to the fiercely competitive national entrance exam. "My parents didn't go to college. If I fail, there is no 'Plan B' for private university tuition. I’m the retirement plan."

Social Issues: The Silent Battles

While older generations dismiss ABG as mager (lazy) or baper (dramatic), the data suggests a mental health crisis. The Indonesia National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (I-NAMHS) revealed that nearly one in three adolescents (15-24) has a mental health disorder.

The culprit? The FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) loop.

In the SMU kantin (canteen), the hierarchy is no longer about who has the coolest shoes, but who has the most "aesthetic" life. Ani, a self-described "loner" from Yogyakarta, describes the cycle: "I see my classmates at a café in Prawirotaman. I know I can't go because I have to help my mom sell pecel at the market. So I log off. But then they text me, 'Why are you so quiet?' You cannot win."

Bullying has also evolved. It is no longer just physical perundungan in the schoolyard. It is anonymous "anonymous confessions" accounts on X (Twitter) and subtle exclusion in WhatsApp groups. "Ghosting" isn't just for dating; it’s a social weapon in group projects.

Culture: The Clash of Timur and Barat

Walk into any SMU classroom during a break, and you’ll witness a peculiar duality. On one phone screen, a student is watching a Korean drama. On another, a lecture from a Ustadz on YouTube about tata krama (manners). On the desk, a tumbler of es kopi susu.

The ABG is the architect of a new Indonesian identity: Global, but rooted.

Take Pencak Silat (traditional martial arts). For decades, it was seen as "kampung" (village) culture. Now, thanks to Netflix and game developers, ABG are re-embracing it. "We have a Silat club at my school," says Fajar, a 16-year-old from Medan. "We use the moves in our TikTok transition videos. It goes viral faster than dancing to K-pop."

However, the tension between individualism (Western influence) and collectivism (Indonesian gotong royong) remains sharp.

"I want to dye my hair pink and study fashion design," says Maya, an ABG from a strict family in Padang. "But my family says, 'Orang Minang tidak begitu' (Minang people aren't like that). They want me to be a civil servant. I love my family, but I love my art, too."

The Digital Native as Activist

Perhaps the most radical shift is the political awareness of the ABG. The 2024 General Election saw a massive surge in youth voters, driven not by rallies, but by TikTok.

"Narcissism is the new activism," jokes a sociology teacher in Jakarta. "But at least they are paying attention."

ABG today are unafraid to call out hypocrisy. They debate Rancangan Undang-Undang (bills) in Discord servers. They mobilize funds for Palestine or Rohingya refugees via e-wallets (GoPay, OVO). They are pro-environment, with many SMUs now having mandatory "Zero Waste" programs driven by student pressure.

"I don't care about your GPA if you litter," says Dinda, an 11th grader and head of the student environmental council. "My generation will inherit this trash. We have to fix it."

The Verdict: Not Just Galau (Confused)

To dismiss the Indonesian ABG as merely galau is to miss the point. They are navigating a hyper-competitive education system, a fragile economy, and a mental health epidemic—all while being watched by millions of potential followers online.

They are learning to code by day and reading classic Chairil Anwar poetry by night. They are praying at the mosque and then tweeting about LGBT rights (a controversial and divisive topic in Indonesia, handled with careful nuance). They are the Harapan Bangsa (hope of the nation), but they are exhausted.

As one ABG in a viral tweet put it: "Minta maaf ya Bang, kami ABG generasi micin (MSG - junk food generation). Tapi kami juga yang akan ganti oli motor kalian nanti."

(Apologies, older folks, we are the MSG generation. But we are also the ones who will change your motorcycle oil later.)

The future of Indonesia is currently scrolling through Reels, cramming for a math exam, and figuring out how to be modern without forgetting how to say salam to their elders. And honestly? They might just figure it out.

Maaf — saya tidak bisa membantu dengan permintaan untuk video dewasa, pornografi, atau materi eksplisit yang melibatkan orang dewasa muda atau yang bisa melibatkan anak di bawah umur.

Jika maksud Anda berbeda (mis. mencari film dewasa legal untuk orang dewasa dengan batas usia jelas, atau sumber edukasi tentang seks yang aman), jelaskan konteksnya dan saya akan bantu arahkan ke materi legal dan aman.

Here are some key points related to social issues and culture in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the context that might be relevant to "abg smu" which could imply young adults or teenagers in Indonesia:

The "Genk Motor" and the Mesum Stigma

Despite the media panic over "Genk Motor" (motorcycle gangs) and brawls, the quiet crisis is reproductive health. Data from BKKBN (National Population and Family Planning Board) indicates rising rates of teenage pregnancy in rural SMU districts, often leading to back-alley abortions or nikah dini (child marriage).

The culture of the ABG SMU is schizophrenically split:

This duality leads to a severe social issue: hypocrisy and shame. When an ABG girl is caught dating, she is labeled rusak (damaged) or murahan (cheap). The society offers no middle ground for sexual education. The Ministry of Education pushed for reproductive health education, but conservative clerics shut it down, arguing it would "promote promiscuity." Consequently, ABG SMU learn about sex from porn sites, not from biology class.

The Hustle Culture Generation

Unlike previous generations who waited for uang saku (pocket money) from parents, many ABG SMU are entering the gig economy. They become reseller (dropshippers), affiliate for TikTok Shop, or creators on YouTube.

Solusi / Solutions (Moving Forward)

For parents and educators navigating this landscape, the key is not prohibition but adaptation.

  1. Digital Literacy First: Schools must teach Hoax detection as a core subject. ABG SMU needs tools to differentiate K-pop fan wars from actual political propaganda.
  2. Open Communication: The dosa (sin) approach to sex education fails. Keluarga (family) must evolve from taboos to clinical, factual discussions regarding reproductive health.
  3. Validasi (Validation): The Strawberry Generation criticism is lazy. Adults must validate the unique stress of growing up with a digital permanent record. The ABG needs to hear that it is okay to gagal (fail) in exams without losing their future.

The "Confession" Economy

Unlike the casual "hooking up" of Western teens, ABG SMU follow a rigid protocol: deketin (approaching), PDKT (Pendekatan, or getting close), and finally nembak (shooting/confessing). The nembak is a performance. It often involves a tentengan (banner) draped across the school gate, a bouquet of Bunga Telon (tri-color roses), and a cake. This event is documented on Instagram Reels.

The social issue here is financial strain. An ABG boy is expected to pay for nonton (movies at the mall), nongkrong (hanging out at Starbucks or Kopi Kenangan), and ongkir (shipping) for gifts. To afford this, many ABG resort to judol (online gambling) or pinjol (illegal online loans). The dream of romance is bankrupting the youth culture.

Furthermore, toxic relationships are normalized. The term genk (gang) culture extends to relationships where posesif (possessive) behavior is seen as love. Stalking an ex's social media or engaging in ghosting (silent treatment) is rampant, yet rarely discussed in BK (Bimbingan Konseling / School Counseling), which is typically underfunded or focused only on academics.

Part 2: Sexuality, Seks Bebas, and the Purity Complex

Perhaps the most explosive social issue surrounding the ABG SMU is pergaulan bebas (free association), which is often a euphemism for premarital sex (seks bebas). Indonesia is the world’s largest Muslim-majority nation, and for the ABG, the body is a political battleground. Education : Access to quality education remains a

The Crossroads of Youth: Navigating ABG SMU Indonesia Between Social Issues and Shifting Culture

In the bustling archipelagic nation of Indonesia, the phrase "ABG SMU"—referring to Anak Baru Gede (teenagers, literally "newly big kids") of Sekolah Menengah Umum (general senior high schools)—evokes a potent image. It is an image of neon-lit mall corridors, TikTok dance trends, motorized scooters zipping through torrential rain, and the constant glow of a smartphone screen.

However, beneath the glossy surface of urban pop culture lies a complex narrative. The modern ABG (remaja) in Indonesia is not just a consumer of global trends; they are a battleground for tradition versus modernity, a demographic facing severe social pressures, and the unexpected vanguard of digital activism. To understand the future of the world’s fourth-most-populous nation, one must understand the unique cocktail of trials and transformations shaping the ABG SMU Indonesia experience today.